{"id":2722,"date":"2021-12-19T15:17:37","date_gmt":"2021-12-19T08:17:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mtec.or.th\/annual-report2021\/?p=2722"},"modified":"2021-12-20T17:26:26","modified_gmt":"2021-12-20T10:26:26","slug":"sintering-of-304l-stainless-steel_en","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mtec.or.th\/annual-report2021\/en\/sintering-of-304l-stainless-steel_en\/","title":{"rendered":"Design and safety evaluation of large bus structure using CAE in rollover test"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/span> 1,641<\/span> Views<\/span><\/div>\t\t
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Statistically, rollover of passenger bus is generally considered the most severe type of accident in terms of its resulting fatality rate. In a bid to improve the safety standard of passenger bus in Thailand, the Department of\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Land Transport, the Ministry of Transport, have introduced a\u00a0<\/span>rollover strength as part of a requirement on bus approval procedure which will be implemented from 2023 onwards. However, main stumbling blocks are a lack of engineering experience by bus manufacturers to achieve such structural design as well as a limited number of \u201cpass\u201d case in the past. This work was thus initiated by the department of land transport in order to study on a design prospect of bus structure with height exceeding 3.60 m under rollover test conditions according to a European standard, UN R66.<\/span><\/p>

The objective was to obtain an engineering design\/\u00a0<\/span><\/span>drawing of a bus structure which satisfied a safety standard\u00a0<\/span>of UN R66. A Computational-Aided Engineering (CAE)\u00a0<\/span>technique was employed as a main tool in this study to simulate a rollover phenomenon for bus structures of\u00a0<\/span>interest. A three-dimensional CAD bus model, chosen from selected bus manufacturers, was created before a conversion into a finite element model mainly consisted of shell elements. The main simulation outputs were resulting deformations of structural members for a calculation of a distance between deformed members and a residual space as described in UN R66. Another important part of this prototype was a validation of simulation process used in this work. The validation was done by a comparison to\u00a0<\/span>an actual rollover test of a full structure at a testing\u00a0<\/span>facility of Department of Land Transport. Once validated, such simulation process was further carried out for a\u00a0<\/span>detailed redesign of a sample bus structure until the one which satisfied UN R66 could be obtained.<\/span>
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The chosen design of full bus body had a\u00a0<\/span><\/span>dimension of 11.84 x 2.48 x 3.76 m (L x W x H) with\u00a0<\/span>a structural weight of 3,334 kg as part of 13.77 tons full\u00a0<\/span>vehicle without passengers. The main features were a double side-pillar configuration with alternate cross-section arrangement, steel plate reinforcement on side pillars and cant rail connections, reinforce gussets around side pillar and floor joints, and additional members on front and rear mask.<\/span><\/p>

The strength of the chosen design was confirmed by highspeed cameras that no part of any structural\u00a0<\/span><\/span>components intruded into a residual space during the real rollover test. Furthermore, the design was also developed by taking into account the availability of existing materials\u00a0<\/span>in the market, and a manufacturing capability of bus\u00a0<\/span>assemblers such as welding workmanship. Therefore,\u00a0<\/span>the output of this study could be of definite beneficial to the Department of Land Transport as part of its new\u00a0<\/span>regulation regarding an approval of new buses or\u00a0<\/span>refurbished ones with a height of 3.60-meter or greater in the near future.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dr. Chi-na Benyajati, Dr. Sarawut <\/span><\/font>Lerspalungsanti, Dr. Chadchai Srisurangkul, Jenwit Soparat, <\/span>Piyapong Premvaranon, Piyamabhorn Uttamung, <\/span>Apichart Teralapsuwan, Papan Panyavan, Pasayapurin Promprapai, Wuttipong Sritham and Setthaluth Pangkreung<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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> Commercial Prototype<\/span><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1,641 Views Statistically, rollover of passenger bus is generally considered the most severe type of accident in terms of its resulting fatality rate. In a “Design and safety evaluation of large bus structure using CAE in rollover test”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5334,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[381],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mtec.or.th\/annual-report2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2722"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mtec.or.th\/annual-report2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mtec.or.th\/annual-report2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mtec.or.th\/annual-report2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mtec.or.th\/annual-report2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2722"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/www.mtec.or.th\/annual-report2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2722\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5754,"href":"https:\/\/www.mtec.or.th\/annual-report2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2722\/revisions\/5754"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mtec.or.th\/annual-report2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5334"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mtec.or.th\/annual-report2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2722"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mtec.or.th\/annual-report2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2722"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mtec.or.th\/annual-report2021\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}